https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/issue/feedAsian Journal of Research in Crop Science2024-03-11T12:35:50+00:00Asian Journal of Research in Crop Sciencecontact@journalajrcs.comOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science</strong> <strong>(ISSN: 2581-7167)</strong> aims to publish high quality papers (<a href="https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>) on all aspects of Crops. By not excluding papers based on novelty, this journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct and scientifically motivated. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open-access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p>https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/241Exploring the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Adaptation to Changing Climate: A Review2024-01-10T12:13:19+00:00Zubaira BibiMuhammad Junaid Maqsood mjunaidmaqsood10@gmail.comAyesha IdreesHafisa Rafique Aliza Amjad Butt Rameesha Ali Zunaira ArifMutie Un Nabi<p>Global ecosystems are threatened by climate change, thus understanding plant response is vital. Phenotypic plasticity allows genotypes to produce different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions, helping plants adapt to changing climates. The reviewsynthesizes molecular, physiological, and morphological data on plant phenotypic plasticity as a dynamic and responsive survival strategy in unpredictable environments. Review analyses how phenotypic plasticity influences plant resilience and persistence under climate change using empirical data from diverse plant species and settings. The study also analyses how phenotypic plasticity influences plant community dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Phenotypic plasticity's potential to attenuate climate change and facilitate range alterations is also explored, showing its importance in plant ranges. Study reviewsgenetic, genomic, ecological, and climatological research on plant phenotypic plasticity in climate adaptation. Findings stressplant species' resilience in reducing climate change's impact on global ecosystems and influencing conservation and management.</p>2024-01-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Bibi et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/257Management of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) and Related Soil-borne Diseases using Eco-friendly Methods: A Review2024-02-27T11:28:22+00:00Haruna S. G.sgharuna.cpp@buk.edu.ngYahuza L.Tijjani I.<p>Tomato is rich in vitamins, minerals and contains anti-oxidant compounds, like vitamin C and lycopene that has significant role in human health as it has anti-cancer properties. Tomato production is significantly affected by several factors amongst which Fusarium Wilt is one of the major and widespread fungal soil borne diseases in Nigeria. Difficulty in controlling this disease is attributable to long survivability of the pathogen and its existence in diverse pathogenic races. Conventional strategies, such as the use of resistant cultivars and synthetic fungicides, are not completely effective in managing tomato wilt caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum </em>f. sp. <em>lycopersici </em>and because of unintended effects of chemicals on the environments its application is highly cautioned<em>.</em> This paper has examined many non-pesticide approaches such as application of bio-control agents, use of suppressive soils, composts/vermicomposts and their extracts, animal manure and urine, soil solarization, botanical extracts, good agricultural practices and integrated disease management strategy to control Fusarium wilt and other related soil borne diseases. It is worth noting that no single method can effectively control such diseases. In order to achieve a sustainable and eco-friendly disease management strategy the use of integrated approach is highly recommended. This review will provide farmers with diverse methods to be integrated as management package for Fusarium wilt and related diseases.</p>2024-02-27T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/242Chemical Control Against Aggressive Broad Leaves Weed Ipomea sp. in Drill Seeded-rice (Oryza sativa L.)2024-01-12T10:51:27+00:00Abd El-Naby, S. S. M.sabrysobhy2008@yahoo.comA. M. A. El-Ghandor <p>Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Rice Department, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt throughout 2020 and 2021 summer seasons to identify an efficient chemical control program against Ipomea sp. as perennial Convolvulaceae weed in drill seeded-rice. The experimental design was split-plot with three replications. Three times of herbicidal application at 20, 30 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) were allocated randomly in main plots, while in sub-plots, six weed control treatments were randomly distributed included three single herbicides application (bentazone at rate of 1.714 kg ai ha-1, fluroxypyr at rate of 0.0952 kg ai ha-1 and bensulfuron-methyl at rate of 0.0714 kg ai ha<sup>-1</sup>) in addition to two herbicide mixtures were bentazone + fluroxypyr (1.344 kg ai ha-1 + 0.0952 kg ai ha<sup>-1</sup>) and bensulfuron + fluroxypyr (0.0714 kg ai ha-1 + 0.0952 kg ai ha<sup>-1</sup>) as compared to un-treated (weedy check) plots. Chemical control at early stage (20 DAS) achieved the best Ipomea control and recorded the lowest values of tillers number m-2, fresh and dry weights during 2020 and 2021, consequently recorded the highest rice dry matter, panicles number m-2, panicle weight and grain yield during both seasons. The results also showed that herbicide mixtures exceeded single application of herbicide in controlling Ipomea as broad leaf weed, bentazon + fluroxypyr ranked first in weed control efficiency percentage and recorded the lowest weed density m-2, fresh and dry weights of Ipomea during the two seasons of study as well as achieved the best values in rice dry matter, panicles per square meter, panicle weight and grain yield during 2020 and 2021 seasons, while the mixture of bensulfuron + fluroxypyr ranked second in this respect. The combination of bentazone + fluroxypyr sprayed at 20 DAS recorded the best Ipomea chemical control efficiency (95.4 %) and recorded the best rice grain yield (9.322 t ha-1) as an average for Giza 178 cv under drill seeded-rice conditions.</p>2024-01-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 El-Naby and El-Ghandor; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/243Effect of Incubation of Biochars Amendment on the Chemical Properties of Acidic Soil2024-01-13T07:08:18+00:00Victoria Chioma Ayozie- Samuel havilahvicky@gmail.com<p>Biochar is considered as universal conditioner to improve soil quality, but its effect on different soil types and rates on soil properties,bacterial community and plant growth are still unclear,particularly in the typical acid soil in southeastern Nigeria. This study was done to know the changes in soil chemical composition which could be caused by dissolution and release of nutrients from biochar in an incubation experiment. The study was conducted during rainy season in 2022 in Sobioma Agro Farms LTD using loamy sand with acidic pH (5.7). The soil were collected from the same farm. Soil was filled in separate plastic bucket with lid (2kg capacity) and treatments imposed as per the treatment details; T1: Corn Cob charred for 60 minutes @ 20 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>T2: Rice husk charred for 60 minutes @ 20 t ha <sup>-1 </sup>and T3: Poultry manure charred for 60 minutes @ 20 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The treatments were replicated thrice, then repeated for different days of incubation (15,30 and 45days respectively). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). In this study, the biochar carbon content and Total N ranges from 95.9 to 181.4 gkg&quot; 1 and 5.2 to 8.9 gkg&#39; 1 respectively with the highest values on rice husk biochar (Table 3). Poultry manure showed highest significant (P O.05) effect in Cu (1.61 mgkg- 1), Mn (5.26 mgkg- 1 ) and Fe (6.54 mgkg 1 ) compared to rice husk biochar and corn cob biochar (Table 4). The Cations Exchange Capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS) increased after amendment of the acidic soil with PMB (5.51 cmolkg&#39; 1 and 85.4% respectively).</p> <p>The results revealed that, application of different biochar increased the pH and other soil chemical properties evaluated with slight increase only in exchangeable k and Na and a decrease in exchange acidity (A l and H) of soil. During the incubation experiment changes were noticed, some nutrient element showed a continuous increase with incubation time (exchangeable Al and H in Corn cob and poultry manure biochar respectively) while some reached its maximum at the mid incubation time (CEC, BS, TN, Av.P and OM in poultry manure biochar). In some cases a decline was observed up to the mid incubation period after which an increase was observed (Exchangeable Ca and Mg in corn cob biorchar and Exchangeable k and Na in Rice husk buiochar). This work stresses the importance of biochar to soil quality improvement.</p>2024-01-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ayozie-Samuel; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/244Evaluation of Upland Rice Response to Water Stress Using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG -6000) at Germination and Early Seedling Stage2024-01-15T06:12:44+00:00Emmanuel Momolu Pope momolupope@gmail.comWilson Opile Lucas Ngode Emmy Chepkoech <p>Water stress is one of the most important crop growth limiting factors which leads to low crop productivity and yield instability. Water stress affects crop growth and development, especially during the germination and seedling period. The experiment was conducted in the growth chamber at the seed physiology laboratory of the Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Eldoret to evaluate sixteen upland rice varieties to water stress tolerance at germination and early seedling growth stage. These varieties were tested against four levels of water stress imposed by Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG - 6000) at 0%, 5%,10% and 15% concentration. The lay out of the experiment was complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Osmotic stress induced by PEG levels significantly (P<.001) reduced plant growth parameters. The result showed that the germination percentage, germination index, Relative seedling height (%), seedling dry weight, Seedling fresh weight, Seedling length, seedling vigor index and mean germination time of all tested rice varieties were found decreasing trends with increasing the levels of PEG from 0 to 15% concentration levels. Among all the sixteen varieties, NERICA rice varieties followed by MWUR, White rice, Kpatawee, and Komboka had an outstanding performed in terms of germination percentage, germination index, seedling height, seedling dry weight, root length and relative dry weight under water induced stress by using PEG concentration levels compared to other varieties. Therefore, these varieties could be useful in breeding programs and can be cultivated in arid and semi-arid environment or where water shortage is a regular constraint.</p>2024-01-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Pope et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/245Assessing the Impact of Phosphorus 30C and 200C Potencies on the Growth and Yield of Pisum Sativum (Green Pea)2024-01-15T07:12:51+00:00T. Surekha drsurekha25sep@gmail.comP. Anusha <p>Pisum Sativum is one of the commonest crops grown in India. Therefore, increasing the yield of green pea plants without harming the soil with chemicals are important. In places wherever there is deficiency of phosphorus in soil resulted in decreased production of green pea plants. The parameters were analysed by using statistical tool ANOVA test. The Conclusion derived from the study was Phosphorus 200C has significantly influenced in the growth and yield of Pisum Sativum plant in regards to Height of the plant, Number of Pods per Plant, Length of the Pod, and Number of Seeds per Pod.</p>2024-01-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Surekha and Anusha; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/246Statistical Modeling for Analysis of Growth and Trend Pattern of Wheat Production in Selected States of India2024-01-17T10:18:22+00:00Manish Kumar manishstats88@gmail.comGyan Prakash Shiv Kumar Rana <p>In the present paper, the time series analysis of wheat production in some selected states of India has been carried out by fitting well-known statistical models, viz. linear, exponential and cubic models. The selection of wheat growing states has been made on the basis of criteria of higher production and consistent growth pattern. The secondary time series data on wheat production have been utilized for the analysis. The trend values have been computed on fitting the concerned models, and the validity of the models has been tested on using the chi-square test statistic. Moreover, the coefficient of determination ( ), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative mean absolute percentage error (RMAPE) have been computed to reveal the suitability of the concerned models for exploring the trend patterns of wheat production in the concerned states of India. The findings of the investigation reveal that the above mentioned models are appropriate for forecasting of future trend of wheat production in the concerned states.</p>2024-01-17T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kumar et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/248Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L) Genotypes as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer under Northeast Climate of Afghanistan2024-02-12T06:15:06+00:00Khalilullah Khaleeq khalil.khaleeq@gmail.comAhmad Munir Amini Abdul Matin Azimi <p>A field experiment was conducted at the agronomic research farm of Kunduz University during summer season of 2023 to evaluate Growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes as affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer in northeast climate of Afghanistan, the experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with split arrangement each replicated thrice, both groundnut genotypes and nitrogen fertilizer were significantly affected on growth, yield component and yield of groundnut, between groundnut genotypes spreading genotype was best on growth and yield of groundnut, the maximum plant height (31.15cm), branches/plant (9.39), Leave Area Index (4.75), dry matter (5,170.04 kg/ha), pod weight (21.98gr/plant), 100 kernel weight (71.53gr), Pod yield (2,504.64kg/ha) and Biological Yield (7,674.69 kg/ha) were in spreading genotype compared to bunch genotype, , Nitrogen fertilizer also affected on growth and yield of groundnut, the maximum plant height (32.61cm), branches/plant (10.05), Leave Area Index (5.20) and dry matter (5,533.55kg/ha), Pods/plant (32.30), Kernel/pod (2.23), pod weight (24.46gr/plant), 100 kernel weight (76.38gr), Pod yield (2,890.00kg/ha) and Biological Yield (8,423.55kg/ha) were in spreading genotype compared to bunch genotype. the Spreading genotype was more adaptable in Kunduz climate over bunch genotype, Therefore application of 45 kg N/ha along with groundnut spreading genotype is the best combination for groundnut productivity in northeast of Afghanistan.</p>2024-02-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Khaleeq et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/249Effect of Some Selected Organic Mulches on Flowering, Ripening and Suckering of Pineapple Va. Smooth cayenne2024-02-15T07:11:10+00:00Nze, E.O.onuawuchi1000@gmail.comOrji, J.O.Tom, C.T.Udo, U.KOgu, C.E.<p>The gains obtained from organic mulching of pineapple farms can never be overemphasized. Despite this fact many developed countries still patronize synthetic mulching due to its efficiency in large pineapple farms. However in developing countries of Africa and Nigeria in particular where small scale pineapple farmers still contribute to the national gross domestic product (GDP), the need for cheaper organic mulching techniques which do not only suppress weed and improve soil fertility but have positive influence on pineapple flowering, ripening and suckering is required. Based on this, a research was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology Owerri to assess the effect of some selected organic mulch types on the maturing trends of <em>Smooth Cayenne</em> pineapple. A 3<sup>2 </sup>factorial fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Result showed that main effects from mulch rates and mulch types independently had significant influence on days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, the interval between time of first flowering and attainment of 50% flowering, days to ripening, interval from flowering to ripening and number of suckers produced at 50% flowering stage while interaction of mulch rates and mulch types only had significant effect on days to first flowering. This study revealed that the utilized organic mulch materials had tremendous positive influence on flowering, ripening and suckering of <em>Smooth Cayenne</em> pineapple.</p>2024-02-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Nze et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/250Phytorehzial Technique for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Using Ornamentals Plants2024-02-15T12:49:14+00:00Muhammad Abdul HaseebIsbah Akhtar Aneeqa Javed Tehreem Fatima Imran Ullah Sanaullahsanaullahjatoi@gmail.com<p>Plants and human health are both negatively impacted by the soil's heavy metal toxicity. By using excess amounts of fertilizers, sewage sludge, and pesticides, smelting, burning coal, and other methods, they are introduced into the soil. Among different heavy metals copper and arsenic are very important but their higher concentrations cause several morphological and biochemical in plants. They become part of the food chain when fruits and vegetables are grown in contaminated soil and can cause serious health issues to consumers. On the other hand, ornamental plants are used for aesthetic beautification and could be explored for the phytoremediation of soil heavy metals. A recent study was conducted to observe the phytoremediation potential of Gladiolus (<em>Gladiolus grandifloras)</em> and <em>chrysanthemum</em> against different levels of copper (80 and100µg/kg of soil) and arsenic (80 and 100 µg/kg) in the soil under completely randomized design. Data of accumulated quantity of heavy metals were noted after the flowering stage of both plants by dividing into four parts including roots, stem, leaves, and flowers. Both Gladiolus and chrysanthemum accumulated significant amounts of Cu and As in roots, stem, leaves, and flower. <em>Gladiolus</em> and <em>chrysanthemum</em> accumulated 367, 456, 796 and 1278ppm Co and 356, 571, 832 and 1478ppm As respectively. Chrysanthemums took up significant amounts of Cu in the stem and easily translocated from stem flowers. The translocation ability of chrysanthemum was higher for both metals compared to <em>Gladiolus</em>. The data were analyzed by mini tab statistics 8.1.</p>2024-02-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Haseeb et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/251Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth, Yield and Economic Efficiency of Cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan2024-02-16T07:21:28+00:00Khalilullah Khaleeq khalil.khaleeq@gmail.comAbdul Ghani Qarluq<p>A Cotton experiment was laid out at the agronomic research farm of agriculture faculty of Kunduz University in spring season of 2023 to investigate effects of phosphorus fertilization of growth and yield parameters of cotton crop (<em>Gossypium hirustum</em> L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan. The experiment conducted in Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatment consists: control without phosphorus fertilizer application, application of 30, 60 and 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha. Result showed that the highest plant height (98.44 cm), Leave area index (2.78), Sympodial Branches/plant (12.88), Bolls/plant (27.66), cotton lint yield (1750 kg/ha), cotton seed yield (3979 kg/ha), cotton lint yield (182742 AFN/ha), cotton seed yield (77964 AFN/ha), gross return (260707 AFN/ha), net return (209867 AFN/ha) and benefit Cost of ratio (6) were recorded from treatment with 90 kg p<sub>2</sub>o<sub>5</sub>/ha following with application 60, 30 and Control treatments respectively. It can be possible to conclude that proper phosphorus fertilization is crucial for optimizing cotton production in this region. The study highlights the potential for improved cotton cultivation practices and increased economic returns for farmers in the Kunduz province of Afghanistan through the implementation of optimal P fertilizer application rates.</p>2024-02-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Khaleeq and Qarluq; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedhttps://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/252Field Evaluation of Six Newly Introduced Soybean Varieties in the National Pulses Program Germplasm, Kongo Central Province2024-02-20T07:05:19+00:00A. Kufinu Dia Matondo K. Koy KapingaF. Ngumbu-KibandaJ. Masumu Maloluka A. Ngombo-NzokwaniL. Tshilenge-LukandaM. Muengula-Manyimuengula@gmail.comA. Kalonji-Mbuyi <p><strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate the behavior of soybean varieties recently introduced in germplasm of National Pulses Program of National Institute for Agricultural Study and Research.</p> <p><strong>Study Design:</strong> The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments replicated three times.</p> <p><strong>Place and Duration of the Study:</strong> The experiment was carried out at the Lieutenant-Colonel EBEYA Military Camp, precisely in the POUDRIERE site in LOMA district from April 14 to June 17, 2023. </p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was conducted with six soybean varieties replicated three times. Data collected concerned percentage of seedlings emerged, vegetative development and production parameters.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The emerged plants rate varies from 82.6 to 90%, collar diameter from 4.3 to 6.4mm, and plant height from 27.9 to 51.3 cm. The leaflet number per plant varies from 18.3 to 32, while their length and width varied from 6 to 9.4cm, and from 10.5 to 17.7cm, respectively. On each plant, the number of branches bearing pods varied from 3.6 to 5. The number of pods and seed per plant varied from 18 to 37, and from 34.3 to 68, respectively. Overall, soybean varieties flowered on 34.4 to 68 DAS. The 100-seed weight varied from 8 to 15.3g, and yield obtained from 572.9 to 2,203kg/ha. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Overall, the results of this study indicate that vegetative development and production parameters vary among varieties. This variability in behavior results from the interactions between intrinsic properties of each soybean variety and agroenvironmental conditions of experimental field. The yields obtained were lower than the global average. However, variety TGM 0169 considered late, had high emerged plants rate (90%), and yielded more than 2t/ha, which is far higher than the average recorded in the majority of Sub-Saharan African countries. Ultimately, TGM 0162 appeared as elite variety whatever parameter considered.</p>2024-02-20T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Matondo et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/253Development of Submergence Tolerant Rice Variety BRRI dhan79 for Flash Flood Ecosystem of Bangladesh2024-02-21T10:03:49+00:00A K M Shalahuddinjojsau@gmail.comK M Iftekharuddaulakiftekhar03@yahoo.comS GhosalM Y Khan A RahmanM R A Sarker <p>Tolerance to submergence stress is an important breeding objective for the areas where rice cultivars are subjected to complete inundation for a week or more. Submergence tolerance is an important trait for rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) in the flash flood-prone ecosystem. The trait is largely controlled by a major gene designated as <em>Sub1</em> located on chromosome 9. Submergence of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) by flash flooding is a major constraint to rice production in Bangladesh. Quantitative trait loci analyses have revealed that a large portion of this variation in submergence tolerance can be explained by <em>Sub1</em>. A newly released submergence tolerant rice variety namely BRRI dhan79 was developed by hybridization between BRRI dhan49*6/BRRI dhan52 through Marker Assisted Backcrossing and selection method where BRRI dhan52 (submergence tolerant mega variety in Bangladesh) used as <em>Sub1</em> donor. It can tolerate upto three weeks complete submergence at vegetative stage whereas Sub1 donor mega variety BRRI dhan52 can tolerate on an average two weeks complete submergence condition. It can also tolerate 50-60 cm water stagnation for 15-20 days after de-submergence. The variety has satisfactorily been passed in the proposed variety trial conducted in flash flood prone farmers' field in Bangladesh. As a result, the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh approved this rice variety for commercial cultivation for the flash flood affected rainfed lowland ecosystem (Transplanted Aman season) in 2017. It meet up all the trait of modern plant likely medium plant heihght (112 cm), strong and stature culm structure, erect flag leaf with stay green leaf at maturity stage and high yield potential with 140 days growth duration (in case of three weeks submergence mature by 160 days). It can produce 5.5 t/ha grain yield under non-stress condition and 4.0-4.5 t/ha yield under three weeks submergence condition. The grain shape of the variety is medium bold. The rice production scenario in flash flood affected region of Bangladesh has been remarkably improved after releasing this rice variety. It has not only change the socio-economic status of farmers but also sustaining food security.</p>2024-02-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Shalahuddin et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/254Minimizing the Effect of Low Moisture Stress in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by Regulating Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Defense System Via Foliar Applied Silicon2024-02-22T08:00:11+00:00Muhammad Ateeq ateeqagronomist@nwafu.edu.cnMuhammad Ahmad Kousar Shahzadi Raza Ullah Komal Murad Tanveer Abbas Ansari <p>Most abundant element on earth crust is silicon (Si), easily available and mostly used in farming against low moisture stress in arid regions. Thus, a pot experiment was accomplished for identifying the beneficial effects of Si on the growth, productivity and activity of antioxidants in pearl millet. The millet plant was arranged in complete randomized design (CRD) under normal and drought stress condition and treated with four level of Si (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mmol/L). The results revealed that foliar 5.0 mmol/L of foliar applied Si improved the growth traits (leaf fresh weight 18.99%, stem fresh weight 9.34%, root fresh weight 28.75%, root dry weight 33.11%, plant height 21.7%, and stem diameter 28.26%) and yield traits (no. of grains per spike 9.22%, and grain yield 15.89%). While it enhances the activity of antioxidants as (catalase 8.1%, peroxidase 36.84%, and ascorbate peroxidase 17.16%). In short, foliar application of Si is an effective strategy for improving all the growth and yield traits as well as some of the antioxidants in the presence of low moisture stress in pearl millet crop. In this manner, foliar applied 5.0 mmol/L of Si will be recommended as the best doze for controlling the negative impact on pearl millet crop. Hopefully, the findings of this research will be helpful for the future research against stress related challenges.</p>2024-02-22T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/255Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Apple, Orange, and Watermelon Retailed Along Roadsides in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria2024-02-23T10:27:30+00:00Adegbite Kabirat IyabodeOladeji Francis OlusegunFranciscohealth3@gmail.comTowolawi Adeleke TaofikAdedokun Halimot Folasade <p>The escalating concern of heavy metal contamination in fruits underscores the need to evaluate associated health risks linked to their consumption. This study undertook assessment of heavy metal levels in commonly consumed fruits (orange, watermelon, and apple) retailed by roadside vendors in Okinni, Egbedore Local Government Area, Osun State. Data collection encompassed a meticulously designed questionnaire while 27 fruit samples (nine fruit each) were randomly procured from diverse market for laboratory analysis. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation, were computed for each heavy metal. The study discerned that majority of vendors predominantly procured their fruits from local farms, implemented the use of fertilizers or pesticides, employed baskets for storage and transportation, and generally held positive perspectives regarding the safety of fruits dispensed by roadside vendors. The results of heavy metal concentration averages in the sampled fruits fell within the permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for safe levels in food. However, noteworthy concentrations of certain heavy metals, particularly As and Cr, were identified, signaling potential health risks for consumers. These findings underscore the ongoing necessity for rigorous monitoring and regulation of heavy metals in food, coupled with adherence to recommended dietary guidelines and safety standards to safeguard public health.</p>2024-02-23T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/256Evaluation of Recently Released Andean Bean Varieties with the Participation of Farmers in Mid-Altitude Region of Gedeb Zuria, Gedo Zone2024-02-26T09:37:09+00:00Fitsum Alemayehu fishalm@yahoo.com<p>During the 2012 mehere season, a study was conducted in the income Gedeb Wereda of the Gedio zone in Ethiopia to evaluate farmers' selection criteria for beans and the performance of newly released Andean common bean varieties. The study utilised participatory variety selection (PVS) trials. The findings revealed that qualitative features were given more importance by farmers compared to quantitative traits. Among the different genotypes tested, Gegeba and Ibado emerged as the top two varieties. Farmers considered five qualitative characteristics as superior to production: seed size, marketability, maturity duration, pest and disease resistance, the ability to tolerate cool temperatures, and seed color. Gegeba, with its large, red-speckled seeds, high market demand, upright growth habit, early maturity (90 days), and reasonably high yield (>2 tonnes ha-1), was the preferred choice for almost all farmers. The study suggests that future bean development efforts should focus on promoting the selected varieties and developing new ones that align with farmers' preferences, particularly in terms of adaptation to the mid-highlands, suitability for domestic consumption, local markets, and export markets.</p>2024-02-26T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/258Evaluating the Effects of Fertilizers and Bio-stimulants on Field Performance of Amaranthus dubius2024-03-11T12:35:50+00:00Matthew, Aluko alukomattew7@gmail.com<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The continuous increase in human population warrants more food production. Amaranthus spp. is one of the most consumed leafy vegetables globally. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekit Nigeria to assess the effects of fertilizers and bio-stimulants on the growth and performance of <em>Amaranthus dubius</em>.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The <em>Amaranthus dubius</em> seeds were sown under open field conditions and the treatments included aqueous moringa leaf extract (AMLE), NPK 15:15:15, poultry manure, grand humus, and super gro which were applied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after sowing WAS. Data were collected 7 days after each application on on leaf area (cm<sup>3</sup>), plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), and total fresh biomass (g). The collected data were analysed using IRRI STAR 2.0.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The result revealed that all the treatments were significantly different (P>0.05) for all the parameters studied. AMLE recorded the highest value for all the parameters studied while control had the lowest values. For the total fresh biomass, AMLE recorded the highest mean value (1981.33) followed by NPK 15:15:15 (1535.00) and poultry manure (140.67) respectively while control had the least mean value (640.33).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: <em>Amaranthus dubius</em> was a short live plant response to AMLE and NPK 15:15:15 than the other treatment applied. It is therefore recommended that AMLE should be applied to boost the performance of <em>Amaranthus dubius</em>.</p>2024-03-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalajrcs.com/index.php/AJRCS/article/view/247Effect of Drought Stress at Growth and Development of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)2024-01-30T12:04:04+00:00Sana Fatima Romail Aslam Kiran Shahzadi Hafsa Awan Muhammad Nadeem Minahil Shabir Yousuf Shafiq yousufshafiq604@gmail.comMahek Hamid <p>One of the most important environmental factors that can has the significant effects on growth and development of the plant is drought stress. Drought condition causes the plant to undergo several physiological and biochemical changes that may have an impact on how well it functions overall. Peas belongs to a family Leguminosae which is cultivated as an edible seed all over the world which have the high nutritional importance. They are an effective source of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant-based protein. Legumes are essential for crop rotation because they fix nitrogen in the soil, enhancing soil fertility and lowering the demand for artificial fertilizers. Around 9,000 years ago, this crop has been cultivated in the Near East and the Mediterranean region. By altering numerous physiological and biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, water uptake, and nutrient assimilation, drought stress can drastically lower the productivity of this crop due to the numerous alterations of physiological and biochemical process such as photosynthesis, water absorption ratio and nutrients uptakes. Lack of water can cause pea plants to grow slowly, have fewer leaves, and causes the crop production decline. Drought stress not only affects growth and photosynthesis but also has the potential to affect the reproductive development of plants. Not only can drought stress cause fewer flowers to be formed, but it can also cause the size and weight of the seeds to diminish. Additionally, it might lead to a decline in pea quality and production. Pea plants have a number of defense mechanisms to deal with drought stress, such as altered root systems, osmotic adjustment, the synthesis of antioxidants, and stomatal modulation. The activation of genes that control the synthesis of osmo-protectants, including proline and sugars, as well as the expression of stress-responsive proteins, like LEA proteins and chaperones, is part of the molecular defense system against drought. by understanding the effect of drought stress and its mechanism activated under the stress condition to tolerate this stress.</p>2024-01-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Fatima et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.